Home prices in Montana and Billings: median value and trend

What the median home value is

The Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) asks owners: “About how much do you think this house and lot, apartment, or mobile home (and lot, if owned) would sell for if it were for sale?” The median value in table B25077 is the middle answer among all owner-occupied homes in an area, from condos to large houses.

This is the owner’s own estimate. It is not a sale price, not an appraisal and not a list price. It covers every home that owners occupy, including homes bought decades ago, so it describes the existing stock rather than what buyers paid this year.

The latest one-year ACS estimates cover 2024. The Census Bureau plans to release the 2025 one-year estimates in October 2026, so the figures below will change at that point.

How prices have moved: the FHFA index

The ACS gives a level. To see the trend, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) publishes a House Price Index built on repeat sales: it compares the prices of the same single-family homes each time they sell. FHFA’s flagship index uses seasonally adjusted, purchase-only data from mortgages bought or guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The latest quarterly release, published August 25, 2026, covers the second quarter of 2026.

Source: FHFA House Price Index, purchase-only, seasonally adjusted, quarterly files for states and the U.S. Changes calculated by Payotte from the published index values.

FHFA’s purchase-only metro file covers only the largest metro areas, and Billings is not among them. We therefore show no FHFA trend for Billings itself; the state index is the nearest official measure.

Montana prices rose faster than the nation’s over both periods: about two fifths in five years, against one third nationally.

A worked example

Take a Montana home worth $400,000 in the second quarter of 2021. If it had followed the state index exactly, it would have been worth about $562,000 in the second quarter of 2026 (+40.6%). Over the last year alone, it would have gained about $11,000 (+2.8%). A single home can move very differently from the index: location, condition and renovations matter more than the average.

How to use these figures when buying

• Use the ACS median for budgets and comparisons between places. It is the only measure here that gives a dollar level for the state, the county and the city with the same method.
• Use the FHFA index for the direction of prices. It tells you whether prices in the state are rising or falling, not what a given home is worth.
• For a specific home, look at recent sales and the appraisal. Your lender orders an appraisal before it approves the loan; see our guide to home appraisal costs.

Closing costs come on top of the price. Our Montana closing costs guide explains who pays what, and our page on buying a home in Billings applies these numbers to the city. First-time buyers can also check the Montana first-time buyer programs.

Method and dataset

ACS median value. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates, vintage 2024 (released in 2025), table B25077 “Median Value (Dollars)”, variable B25077_001E with margin of error B25077_001M. Universe: owner-occupied housing units. Geographies: United States (0100000US), Montana (0400000US30), Billings, MT metro area (310M700US13740), Yellowstone County (0500000US30111), Billings city (1600000US3006550). Values were read through the data.census.gov access API on October 13, 2026. The definition of value comes from the ACS 2024 Subject Definitions. The 2025 one-year estimates are scheduled for October 2026.

FHFA index. FHFA House Price Index, quarterly purchase-only, seasonally adjusted series, files hpi_po_state.txt (Montana) and hpi_po_us_and_census.txt (USA), release of August 25, 2026, data through the second quarter of 2026. Index values used: Montana 721.98 (Q2 2025), 527.86 (Q2 2021) and 742.06 (Q2 2026); United States 426.58, 326.58 and 435.69. Changes are the ratio of the Q2 2026 value to the earlier value, minus one. The U.S. one-year result (+2.1%) matches the figure in FHFA’s release. The purchase-only metro file (hpi_po_metro.txt) has no Billings series.