{
  "title": "Seller disclosure laws by state",
  "page": "https://payotte.com/usa/by-state/seller-disclosure",
  "compiled": "2026-10-14",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 — cite Payotte (https://payotte.com) with a link to the page",
  "states": {
    "alabama": {
      "name": "Alabama",
      "code": "AL",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/alabama/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Alabama does not require a home seller to deliver a disclosure form in the statutes reviewed. The written duty falls on licensed agents, who must disclose known latent structural defects (Code of Alabama 34-27-36), with fines of $100 to $5,000; fraud statutes apply to all sellers.",
      "disclosure_required": "no",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "Code of Alabama 34-27-36(b)(3) (agents); 6-5-101, 6-5-102, 6-5-104 (fraud)",
      "covers": null,
      "buyer_remedy": "No statutory cancellation period. Fraud claim for willful or reckless misrepresentation of a material fact (6-5-101); Real Estate Commission Recovery Fund for violations by a licensee (34-27-31).",
      "note": "Article found no statutory seller form. Rule applies to agents (and licensees selling their own property), not to private sellers. Federal lead-paint rule applies to pre-1978 homes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Code of Alabama § 34-27-36, Disciplinary action (Alabama Legislature)",
          "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama"
        },
        {
          "title": "Code of Alabama §§ 6-5-101, 6-5-102, 6-5-104, Fraud and deceit (Alabama Legislature)",
          "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama"
        },
        {
          "title": "Code of Alabama § 34-27-2, Definitions and exemptions (Alabama Legislature)",
          "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama"
        }
      ]
    },
    "alaska": {
      "name": "Alaska",
      "code": "AK",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/alaska/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "An Alaska seller must deliver a completed written disclosure statement (form 08-4229) before the buyer makes a written offer (AS 34.70.010). If it arrives after the offer, the buyer may withdraw within 3 days, or 6 days if mailed.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Real Property Transfer Disclosure Statement, form 08-4229 (Rev. 05/2024)",
      "statute": "AS 34.70.010-34.70.200; 12 AAC 64.930",
      "covers": "Property type and year built, construction and foundation, known defects in appliances and structural parts (roof, foundation, plumbing, electrical, heating, sewage, windows), documents held, utility costs, and yes/no/unknown questions on legal actions, HOA dues, zoning, easements, water and sewer systems, flooding, erosion, permafrost, permits, pests, and environmental hazards. Also asks about a murder or suicide in the past 3 years and smoking inside.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If the statement is delivered after the offer, buyer may withdraw within 3 days of delivery (6 days if mailed). A transfer is not invalidated by non-compliance. Negligent violation: actual damages. Willful violation: up to 3 times actual damages (AS 34.70.090), plus costs and attorney fees.",
      "note": "Exemptions: first transfer of a never-occupied home (AS 34.70.120, form 08-4894) and written waiver by both parties (AS 34.70.110). Unclear whether a bank selling a foreclosed home must use the form.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Alaska Statutes, Chapter 34.70, Residential Real Property Transfer Disclosures (AS 34.70.010-34.70.200) (Alaska Legislature)",
          "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=34.70.010&secEnd=34.70.200"
        },
        {
          "title": "Residential Real Property Transfer Disclosure Statement, form 08-4229, Rev. 05/2024 (Alaska Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/5/pub/rec4229.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Disclosure Statement, Exemption for First Sale, form 08-4894, Rev. 05/2024 (Alaska Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/5/pub/rec4894.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "arizona": {
      "name": "Arizona",
      "code": "AZ",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/arizona/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Arizona has no statewide seller disclosure form in the statutes reviewed. A.R.S. 32-2156 bars lawsuits over failure to disclose a death, felony, HIV or AIDS exposure, or a nearby sex offender; specific disclosures apply only in certain cases such as HOA documents and rural parcels.",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "A.R.S. 32-2156; 33-422; 33-1806; 32-2113",
      "covers": "Case-specific items only: affidavit of disclosure for 5 or fewer parcels in an unincorporated county area (33-422); HOA documents within 10 days of an accepted offer (33-1806); military airport noise notice recorded by the commissioner (32-2113).",
      "buyer_remedy": "Only where a statute says so: for 5 or fewer unincorporated parcels, buyer may rescind within 5 days after receiving the affidavit (33-422). No general statutory penalty found; agent may face license discipline (32-2153).",
      "note": "Article notes a Seller's Property Disclosure Statement (SPDS) may be used in practice but is not prescribed by the statutes read. Federal lead-paint rule applies to pre-1978 homes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "A.R.S. § 32-2156, Real estate sales and leases; disclosure (Arizona Legislature)",
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/32/02156.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "A.R.S. § 33-422, Land divisions; recording; disclosure affidavit (Arizona Legislature)",
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/33/00422.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "A.R.S. § 33-1806, Sale of properties; information required (planned communities) (Arizona Legislature)",
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/33/01806.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "arkansas": {
      "name": "Arkansas",
      "code": "AR",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/arkansas/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Arkansas has no disclosure statute for individual owner-sellers, according to the Arkansas Real Estate Commission, so no state law requires a seller to deliver a condition report. Licensed agents must disclose material facts they know or should know (Ark. Code 17-42-316).",
      "disclosure_required": "no",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "Ark. Code 17-42-316 and 17 CAR 220-1005 (agents); no owner-seller statute",
      "covers": null,
      "buyer_remedy": "No statutory remedy found for owner silence. Untrue statements in a signed form or in answer to a direct question may be actionable under contract and general misrepresentation law.",
      "note": "Many sellers use a voluntary Realtor trade association form. Article says it could not open Ark. Code 17-10-101 itself; the Commission column (undated) says a homicide, suicide or felony at the property is not a material fact that must be disclosed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Is property condition disclosure required by law? (Arkansas Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://arec.arkansas.gov/news_post/is-property-condition-disclosure-required-by-law/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Arkansas Real Estate License Law, April 2026, Ark. Code Title 17, Ch. 42 (Arkansas Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://arec.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/AR-Real-Estate-License-Law-April-2026.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Commission Rules, 17 CAR 220 (Arkansas Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://arec.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/17CAR-220-AREC-FINAL-RULES.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "california": {
      "name": "California",
      "code": "CA",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/california/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A California seller must deliver a Real Estate Transfer Disclosure Statement (Civil Code 1102.6) and a Natural Hazard Disclosure Statement (1103.2). If either arrives after the offer, the buyer may cancel within 3 days of in-person delivery or 5 days if mailed or sent electronically.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Real Estate Transfer Disclosure Statement (TDS); Natural Hazard Disclosure Statement (NHD)",
      "statute": "Civil Code 1102-1102.19 (TDS); 1103-1103.3 (NHD)",
      "covers": "The TDS covers the seller's and agent's disclosures on the home's condition. The NHD asks whether the property is in a FEMA flood zone, dam inundation area, high fire hazard zone, wildland fire area, earthquake fault zone, or seismic hazard zone. Separate notices cover Megan's Law, smoke alarms, carbon monoxide devices, water heater bracing, pre-1960 earthquake hazards, fire hardening, defensible space, supplemental tax bills, and Mello-Roos.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Buyer may terminate in writing within 3 days of in-person delivery or 5 days of mailing or electronic delivery (1102.3, 1103.3). Seller who willfully or negligently fails to disclose is liable for actual damages (1102.13, 1103.13). Smoke alarm and carbon monoxide violations: actual damages up to $100 plus costs and fees.",
      "note": "The form cannot be waived, including in an as-is sale (1102, 1102.1). Exemptions in 1102.2 include probate, foreclosure, and transfers between spouses or close relatives. A death more than 3 years before the offer need not be disclosed (1710.2).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "California Civil Code §§ 1102, 1102.1, 1102.2, 1102.3 (Transfer Disclosure Statement) (California Legislative Information)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1102.3"
        },
        {
          "title": "California Civil Code §§ 1102.4, 1102.13, 1102.6b, 1102.6c, 1102.6f, 1102.6g, 1102.15, 1102.155, 1102.17, 1102.19 (California Legislative Information)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1102.6f"
        },
        {
          "title": "California Civil Code §§ 1103, 1103.2, 1103.3 (Natural Hazard Disclosure Statement) (California Legislative Information)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1103.2"
        }
      ]
    },
    "colorado": {
      "name": "Colorado",
      "code": "CO",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/colorado/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Colorado has no single statute requiring every seller to complete one condition form. C.R.S. Title 38, Article 35.7 requires specific disclosures, including special taxing districts, elevated radon, water source, and past methamphetamine use.",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": "Colorado Real Estate Commission approved seller's property disclosure (referred to by several statutes)",
      "statute": "C.R.S. 38-35.7-101 to 38-35.7-112; 38-35.5-101; 12-10-404",
      "covers": "Named items only: special taxing districts, HOA notice, methamphetamine lab use, drinking water source (well or provider), transportation projects, oil, gas and mineral estate, new construction in a metro district, metro district website, and known radon test results and mitigation.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Remedies are set item by item: special taxing district notice, buyer may claim all damages plus costs (38-35.7-101); HOA notice, actual damages plus costs (38-35.7-102); meth lab known and undisclosed, seller liable for remediation, health injuries and attorney fees, suit within 3 years after closing (38-35.7-103).",
      "note": "Article could not open the Commission's current form. A death, felony or occupant HIV or AIDS status is not a material fact subject to disclosure (38-35.5-101). A cleaned-up meth lab with compliance certificates need not be disclosed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 38, Article 35.7, Disclosures in connection with conveyances of residential real property, §§ 38-35.7-101 to 38-35.7-112 (Colorado General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-38.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 12, Article 10, §§ 12-10-404 and 12-10-220.5 (Colorado General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-12.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 38, Article 35.5, Nondisclosure of information psychologically impacting real property (Colorado General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-38.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "connecticut": {
      "name": "Connecticut",
      "code": "CT",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/connecticut/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Connecticut seller of a one- to four-unit home must give the buyer a written residential condition report before the buyer signs a binder or contract (Conn. Gen. Stat. 20-327b). If the seller does not, the buyer gets a $500 credit at closing.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Condition Report",
      "statute": "Conn. Gen. Stat. 20-327b to 20-327g",
      "covers": "General information (year built, easements, flood hazard, wetlands, dam, assessments, historic district), leased equipment, mechanical and utility systems, water and sewage, asbestos and lead, and building and structure (foundation, pyrrhotite, roof, water damage, pests, radon). Answers are to the seller's best knowledge.",
      "buyer_remedy": "$500 credit at closing if the report is not furnished (20-327c(a)). Buyer may also sue for actual damages for a defect within the seller's actual knowledge that significantly impairs value, health or safety, or useful life (20-327c).",
      "note": "Exemptions include transfers between co-owners, to a spouse or close relative, new homes under the implied warranty, fiduciary sales, and most foreclosure sales; in crumbling-foundation towns a foreclosure owner gives a shorter Residential Foundation Condition Report.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 20-327b to 20-327g, Residential condition reports (Connecticut General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_392.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Real Estate Disclosures about Potential Lead Hazards (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)",
          "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/real-estate-disclosure"
        }
      ]
    },
    "delaware": {
      "name": "Delaware",
      "code": "DE",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/delaware/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Delaware seller of a one- to four-family home must disclose all known material defects in writing before signing the listing agreement (6 Del. C. 2572). The seller must give the buyer the Real Estate Commission's condition report before the buyer makes an offer, plus a separate radon disclosure.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Seller's Disclosure of Real Property Condition Report (effective August 1, 2026); Radon Disclosure form",
      "statute": "6 Del. C. 2570-2578; 24 Del. C. 2927",
      "covers": "Occupancy and rentals, deed restrictions, HOA and condo fees and assessments, title and zoning, environmental concerns (underground tanks, asbestos, lead, mold, methamphetamine), flood zone and drainage, insurance claims in the past 5 years, structure, roof, termites, plumbing, septic, heating, electrical, and who pays to repave the street. The radon form covers known radon and tests.",
      "buyer_remedy": null,
      "note": "No fixed cancellation window and no penalty stated in the sections read; the statute lists when a buyer cannot sue (2575). Exemptions in 2577 include court-ordered sales, foreclosure, fiduciary sales, and transfers to a spouse or relative. Psychologically impacted property is not a material fact (24 Del. C. 2927).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Delaware Code Title 6, Chapter 25, Subchapter VII, Buyer Property Protection Act, §§ 2570-2578 (Delaware General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title6/c025/sc07/index.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Seller's Disclosure of Real Property Condition Report, effective August 1, 2026 (Delaware Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://dprfiles.delaware.gov/realestate/DeREC%20Seller's%20Disclosure%20for%20Real%20Property%20Condition%20Report.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Radon Disclosure form, approved September 12, 2007 (Delaware Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://dprfiles.delaware.gov/realestate/RadonDisclosure.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "florida": {
      "name": "Florida",
      "code": "FL",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/florida/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Florida has no statewide seller condition form, but a 1985 Florida Supreme Court ruling (Johnson v. Davis) requires sellers to disclose known, hidden facts that materially affect value. Statutes add written notices, including a flood disclosure under 689.302 required since October 1, 2024.",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "Fla. Stat. 689.302 (flood); 404.056(5) (radon); 689.261 (property tax); 720.401 (HOA); 718.503 (condo); 161.57; 689.301; 689.25",
      "covers": "Flood disclosure form: flooding that damaged the property during the seller's ownership, flood insurance claims including NFIP, and flood assistance including FEMA. Also radon notice, property tax summary, HOA disclosure summary, condo documents, coastal construction control line statement, and known sewer lateral defects.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Missing HOA summary: buyer may cancel within 3 days of receiving it or before closing (720.401). Condo documents delivered late: buyer may cancel within 7 days. Hidden material defects: buyer may sue under the duty set by case law.",
      "note": "Duty applies even in an as-is sale of residential property. A homicide, suicide or death, and HIV or AIDS, are not material facts that must be disclosed (689.25). Coastal statement missing does not void the contract (161.57(4)).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Laws of Florida, Chapter 2025-166 (CS/CS/SB 948), effective October 1, 2025 (Florida Department of State)",
          "url": "https://laws.flrules.org/2025/166"
        },
        {
          "title": "Florida Statutes § 689.302, Disclosure of flood risks to prospective purchaser (Florida Legislature)",
          "url": "http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699/0689/Sections/0689.302.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Senate Bill Analysis, CS/CS/SB 948 (2025), Rules Committee (The Florida Senate)",
          "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/948/Analyses/2025s00948.rc.PDF"
        }
      ]
    },
    "georgia": {
      "name": "Georgia",
      "code": "GA",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/georgia/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Georgia has no mandatory state seller-disclosure form in the statutes reviewed; caveat emptor is the general rule for used homes. A seller who knows of a serious hidden defect and stays silent can be sued for fraud.",
      "disclosure_required": "no",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "O.C.G.A. 10-6A-5(b) (brokers); 44-1-16; fraud case law (Dennis v. Wohlgemuth, 2022)",
      "covers": null,
      "buyer_remedy": "Buyer who proves fraud may affirm the contract and sue for damages, or promptly rescind and sue in tort. Reliance is hard to prove if inspection or the form flagged the problem.",
      "note": "Seller forms arise from the purchase contract, not statute. Broker must disclose known adverse physical conditions on the property and within one mile (10-6A-5(b)). Flood disclosure bill HB 618 did not become law. Death or disease facts need not be volunteered but questions must be answered truthfully (44-1-16).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Atlanta Partners Realty v. Wohlgemuth and Dennis v. Wohlgemuth, Nos. A22A0634 and A22A0635 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, Sept. 20, 2022)",
          "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/10726550/rodney-dennis-v-stefanie-wohlgemuth/"
        },
        {
          "title": "O.C.G.A. §§ 10-6A-3 and 10-6A-5, Brokerage Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act (Official Code of Georgia Annotated; text read through FindLaw, current as of March 2024)",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-10-commerce-and-trade/ga-code-sect-10-6a-5/"
        },
        {
          "title": "O.C.G.A. § 44-1-16, failure to disclose occupancy by a diseased person or a homicide or other death (Official Code of Georgia Annotated; text read through FindLaw)",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-44-property/ga-code-sect-44-1-16/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "hawaii": {
      "name": "Hawaii",
      "code": "HI",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/hawaii/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Hawaii has a mandatory seller-disclosure law, chapter 508D of the Hawaii Revised Statutes. The sources reviewed do not state its deadlines, form contents or buyer remedies.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "HRS chapter 508D",
      "covers": null,
      "buyer_remedy": null,
      "note": "Article could not open the text of chapter 508D, so form name, contents, deadline and remedies are not stated. Reviewed sources only cross-reference the chapter. Federal lead-paint rule applies to pre-1978 homes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 508D, Mandatory Seller Disclosures in Real Estate Transactions (listed by the Hawaii Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/reb/reb-hawaii-revised-statutes/"
        },
        {
          "title": "HRS chapter 467, Real Estate Brokers and Salespersons, cross-reference to chapter 508D (DCCA copy, revised July 2020)",
          "url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/467-REAL-ESTATE-BROKERS-AND-SALESPERSONS-FINAL-101420-1.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hawaii Real Estate Commission Bulletin, May 2024 (DCCA)",
          "url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/HS-Real-Estate-Bulletin-5-24-web-v2.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "idaho": {
      "name": "Idaho",
      "code": "ID",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/idaho/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "An Idaho seller of a home with one to four dwelling units must complete the statutory disclosure form and deliver it within 10 days after accepting the buyer's offer (Idaho Code 55-2504, 55-2509). The buyer may rescind within 3 business days of receiving it.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Property Condition Disclosure form (Idaho Code 55-2508)",
      "statute": "Idaho Code 55-2501 to 55-2518 (Property Condition Disclosure Act)",
      "covers": "Annexation and city services, appliances and systems not working, problems with basement water, foundation, roof, well, septic, plumbing, drainage, electrical and heating, title conditions (encroachments, easements, zoning violations, lot line disputes), hazardous materials or pests, additions without a permit, and any other known problem.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If the form arrives after the purchase agreement is signed, buyer may rescind in writing within 3 business days of receipt, with deposit returned (55-2515). A transfer is not invalidated by non-compliance; a willful or negligent violation makes the seller liable for actual damages (55-2517).",
      "note": "Section 55-2505 lists 16 exempt transfers, including foreclosure and bank resales, estates, family transfers, and new homes never inhabited. The form is not a warranty (55-2507).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Idaho Code, Title 55, Chapter 25, Property Condition Disclosure Act, §§ 55-2501 to 55-2518 (Idaho Legislature)",
          "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title55/T55CH25/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Idaho Code § 55-2508, Disclosure form (Idaho Legislature)",
          "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title55/T55CH25/SECT55-2508/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Idaho Code § 55-2505, Exemptions (Idaho Legislature)",
          "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title55/T55CH25/SECT55-2505/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "illinois": {
      "name": "Illinois",
      "code": "IL",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/illinois/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "An Illinois seller of one to four units, a condo or a co-op must complete the 24-item disclosure report and deliver it before the contract is signed (765 ILCS 77). If it arrives after signing, the buyer may cancel within 5 business days and get the earnest money back.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Real Property Disclosure Report (form set in 765 ILCS 77/35); Disclosure of Information on Radon Hazards",
      "statute": "765 ILCS 77/1 et seq.; 420 ILCS 46/10 (radon)",
      "covers": "24 yes/no/not applicable statements, including basement flooding or leaks, floodplain, roof, foundation, wall, electrical, plumbing and heating defects, radon, asbestos, lead paint and lead pipes, termites, underground fuel tanks, mine subsidence, boundary disputes, code violations, and methamphetamine production. Answers reflect only actual knowledge.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Report with a material defect delivered after signing: cancel within 5 business days of receipt, earnest money returned (77/40). No report before conveyance: right to terminate (77/55). Knowing violation: actual damages and court costs, possibly attorney fees; suit within one year (77/55, 77/60).",
      "note": "Separate radon pamphlet and form required before the buyer is bound. Exemptions in Section 15 include court-ordered and fiduciary transfers, family transfers, foreclosure transfers and never-occupied new homes. The Act does not limit fraud remedies.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Residential Real Property Disclosure Act, 765 ILCS 77 (Illinois General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076500770K35.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "765 ILCS 77/55 and 77/60, Violations, damages and time limit (Illinois General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076500770K55.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Illinois Radon Awareness Act, 420 ILCS 46/10 (Illinois General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/042000460K10.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "indiana": {
      "name": "Indiana",
      "code": "IN",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/indiana/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "An Indiana owner of a one-to-four-unit home must complete and sign the state disclosure form and give it to the buyer before an offer is accepted (IC 32-21-5-10). If a defect is disclosed only after acceptance, the buyer has two business days to cancel in writing.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Real Estate Seller's Disclosure Form (State Form 46234)",
      "statute": "IC 32-21-5 (IC 32-21-5-10, -13)",
      "covers": "Known condition of the foundation, mechanical systems, roof, structure, water and sewer systems; also uncertified methamphetamine contamination, nearby airport, military installation, FEMA flood plain, historic district, conservation easement, and certain redevelopment liens.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If a form or amended form disclosing a defect arrives after the offer is accepted, buyer may cancel within two business days by written rescission and get deposits back (32-21-5-13). Failure to deliver the form does not by itself invalidate a completed sale.",
      "note": "An accepted offer is not enforceable against the buyer until both sign the form. Exemptions in 32-21-5-1(b) include court-ordered, foreclosure, fiduciary, family and never-inhabited new-construction transfers. HOA documents due 10 days before closing (32-21-5-8.5).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Indiana Code 32-21-5, Residential Real Estate Sales Disclosure, 2026 edition (Indiana General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2026/ic/titles/32#32-21-5"
        },
        {
          "title": "Real Estate Licensing Information, with State Form 46234, Real Estate Seller's Disclosure Form (Indiana Professional Licensing Agency)",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/pla/professions/real-estate-home/real-estate-licensing-information/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "iowa": {
      "name": "Iowa",
      "code": "IA",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/iowa/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "An Iowa seller of a home with one to four units must give the buyer a written disclosure statement before making or accepting a written offer (Iowa Code 558A.2). If it is late, the buyer may withdraw within 3 days of personal delivery or 5 days of mail or electronic delivery.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Property Seller Disclosure Statement (Real Estate Commission sample form)",
      "statute": "Iowa Code chapter 558A; Iowa Administrative Code 481-2014",
      "covers": "20 numbered yes/no items: basement or foundation water, roof, sewer, heating, cooling, plumbing and electrical, infestation and structural damage, asbestos, radon tests, lead-based paint, flood plain, lead water service lines, zoning and covenants, HOA, settling and drainage problems, well and septic. Seller also acknowledges the Iowa radon fact sheet.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Late statement: buyer may withdraw the offer or revoke acceptance without liability within 3 days of personal delivery or 5 days of mail or electronic delivery. Violator is liable for actual damages (558A.6). A transfer is not invalidated solely for non-compliance (558A.8).",
      "note": "Iowa does not force one exact form; the Commission rule lists minimum content and recommends a sample. Exemptions in 558A.1(7) include court-ordered, foreclosure, fiduciary, family and divorce transfers. No exemption for new construction or as-is sales.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Iowa Code, Chapter 558A, Real Estate Disclosures (Iowa Legislature, Iowa Code 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/558A.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Iowa Administrative Code 481—Chapter 2014, Seller Property Condition Disclosure (formerly Real Estate Commission rule 193E—14)",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/iac/chapter/481.2014.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Senate File 2448, enrolled (2026 Iowa Acts), section 3 amending Iowa Code § 558A.4A",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGE/91/SF2448.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "kansas": {
      "name": "Kansas",
      "code": "KS",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/kansas/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "No Kansas statute in the sources reviewed prescribes a seller disclosure form. Licensed agents must disclose adverse material facts they actually know (K.S.A. 58-30,106(d)(1)), and every residential sales contract must carry a radon notice (K.S.A. 58-3078a).",
      "disclosure_required": "no",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "K.S.A. 58-30,106; 58-30,113; 58-3078a (radon); 58-3062",
      "covers": null,
      "buyer_remedy": "No penalty for a silent seller found in the statutes reviewed. Court decisions on hidden-defect claims were not read.",
      "note": "Duty is on licensees, not on a seller who sells without an agent. Radon notice says Kansas law requires sellers to disclose known elevated radon information. Federal lead-paint rule applies to pre-1978 homes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "K.S.A. 58-30,106, Minimum requirements of seller's or landlord's agent (Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_030_0106.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "K.S.A. 58-3078a, Contract to include information regarding radon (Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_030_0078a.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "K.S.A. 58-3062, Prohibited acts (Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_030_0062.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "kentucky": {
      "name": "Kentucky",
      "code": "KY",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/kentucky/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Kentucky requires a written seller's disclosure on single-family homes when a licensed agent is paid in the sale (KRS 324.360). The seller completes KREC Form 402, and the listing agent must give the buyer a copy within 72 hours of receiving a signed offer.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "KREC Form 402, Seller's Disclosure of Property Condition (12/2022)",
      "statute": "KRS 324.360; 201 KAR 11:121",
      "covers": "13 topics on yes/no/unknown/not applicable: rental use and vacancy, plumbing, electrical, appliances, heating, cooling, water heater, structure and foundation, roof, land and drainage including flood hazard area, boundaries, water and sewer or septic, remodeling and permits, HOA and condo status, hazardous conditions (underground tanks, lead paint, radon, methamphetamine), and miscellaneous items.",
      "buyer_remedy": "No set penalty or cancellation right found in KRS 324.360 or 201 KAR 11:121. A seller may refuse to complete the form, and the agent must then tell the buyer in writing. The form warns that undisclosed methamphetamine contamination left undecontaminated is a Class D felony.",
      "note": "Statute applies only where a licensee is paid; a sale by owner with no licensee is outside it. Exempt: new homes with a warranty, auctions, court-supervised foreclosures (KRS 324.360(7)). The form is not a warranty.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "KRS 324.360, Form for seller's disclosure of conditions (Kentucky Legislature)",
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=31615"
        },
        {
          "title": "201 KAR 11:121, Standards of professional conduct (Kentucky Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/201/011/121/"
        },
        {
          "title": "KREC Form 402, Seller's Disclosure of Property Condition, 12/2022 (Kentucky Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://krec.ky.gov/Documents/KREC%20Form%20402%20-%20Sellers%20Disclosure%20of%20Property%20Condition.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "louisiana": {
      "name": "Louisiana",
      "code": "LA",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/louisiana/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Louisiana seller of residential property with one to four dwelling units must complete a property disclosure document and deliver it no later than the time the buyer makes an offer (R.S. 9:3198). If it arrives after the offer, the buyer may cancel within 72 hours with the deposit returned.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Property Disclosure Document (Louisiana Real Estate Commission, 2026 form)",
      "statute": "La. R.S. 9:3196-9:3199",
      "covers": "Known defects (conditions that substantially hurt value, significantly impair health or safety, or significantly shorten life), homeowners' association and restrictive covenants, illegal methamphetamine laboratory, salt-dome cavity and solution-mining injection well within 2,640 feet, and commercial or industrial zoning.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If delivered after the offer, buyer may cancel the contract or withdraw the offer within 72 hours of receipt (weekends and holidays excluded), deposit promptly returned; right expires at transfer of title or occupancy (9:3198(B)(3)). Separately, redhibition under Civil Code art. 2520, 2545: a seller who knew of an undeclared defect owes the price back with interest, expenses, damages and reasonable attorney fees.",
      "note": "Exempt transfers in 9:3197(B) include court-ordered and foreclosure sales, estates, never-occupied new construction and family transfers. A transfer is not invalidated by non-compliance. Act 708 of 2026 extends the chapter to vacant residential land from January 1, 2027.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Louisiana R.S. 9:3198, duties of the seller (Louisiana Legislature)",
          "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=181357"
        },
        {
          "title": "2026 Mandatory Forms: Property Disclosure Document (Louisiana Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://lrec.gov/blog/2026-mandatory-forms-now-online"
        },
        {
          "title": "Louisiana Civil Code arts. 2520, 2521 and 2545, redhibition (Louisiana Legislature)",
          "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=109570"
        }
      ]
    },
    "maine": {
      "name": "Maine",
      "code": "ME",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/maine/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Maine seller of a home with one to four residential units must give the buyer a written property disclosure statement no later than the offer (33 M.R.S. 173, 174). If it arrives after the offer, the buyer has 72 hours to withdraw without penalty.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "33 M.R.S. 171-178",
      "covers": "Water supply (including water test results and PFAS), heating, waste disposal and septic, hazardous materials (asbestos, lead paint, radon, underground oil tanks, methamphetamine), known defects, access and private road maintenance, flood zone and flood history, and shoreland zoning violations. Seller also hands over state arsenic information.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Form delivered after the offer: buyer may end the contract or withdraw within 72 hours of receiving it, deposit promptly returned; right lapses at settlement or occupancy (174). A transfer is not invalidated solely for non-compliance; common-law fraud duties remain (178).",
      "note": "The statute lists contents but the sections read set no single mandatory form. Exemptions in 172 include foreclosure sales, estates, family transfers, and government transfers. Seller must supplement in writing if an error is learned before settlement (175).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Maine Revised Statutes, Title 33, § 173, required disclosures (Maine Legislature)",
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/33/title33sec173.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Maine Revised Statutes, Title 33, §§ 174-178, delivery, changes, liability (Maine Legislature)",
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/33/title33sec174.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Maine Revised Statutes, Title 33, § 172, applicability and exemptions (Maine Legislature)",
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/33/title33sec172.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "maryland": {
      "name": "Maryland",
      "code": "MD",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/maryland/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Maryland seller of a home with four or fewer units must give the buyer either a disclosure statement or an as-is disclaimer statement, on the Real Estate Commission's form, on or before the contract (Real Property 10-702). A buyer who gets it late may rescind within 5 days after receiving it.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Maryland Residential Property Disclosure and Disclaimer Statement",
      "statute": "Md. Code, Real Property 10-702",
      "covers": "Seller either lists defects actually known or states the sale is as-is. Topics: water and sewer, insulation, structural systems, plumbing, electrical, heating and air conditioning, wood-destroying insects, land use, hazardous materials (asbestos, lead paint, radon, underground tanks, landfills), smoke alarms, carbon monoxide alarms, and other material defects.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If not received by the contract date, buyer may rescind before receiving it or within 5 days after receiving it, with immediate refund of deposits (10-702(h)). Right ends at closing or occupancy, or at mortgage application if the lender gave written notice. The text lists no fines.",
      "note": "Even an as-is seller must disclose known latent defects (10-702(d)). Exemptions include first sale of never-occupied homes, foreclosure and fiduciary sales, and transfers exempt from transfer tax. A revised form was reported approved at the August 19, 2026 Commission meeting.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Maryland Code, Real Property § 10-702 (Maryland General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=grp&section=10-702&enactments=false"
        },
        {
          "title": "Maryland Residential Property Disclosure and Disclaimer Statement, official form (Maryland Real Estate Commission, Department of Labor)",
          "url": "https://labor.maryland.gov/forms/propertydanddform.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Agenda, August 19, 2026 meeting (Maryland Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://www.labor.maryland.gov/license/min/mrec-agendaaug2026.shtml"
        }
      ]
    },
    "massachusetts": {
      "name": "Massachusetts",
      "code": "MA",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/massachusetts/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Massachusetts does not require a general property condition form. A seller must give the buyer the state lead notice before the purchase and sale agreement is signed (M.G.L. c. 111, 197A), with a penalty of up to $1,000 for failing to do so.",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": "State lead notification form (Massachusetts lead program)",
      "statute": "M.G.L. c. 111, 197A, 197; c. 93, 114; c. 93A, 2; c. 148, 26F, 26F 1/2",
      "covers": "Lead notice and known information about dangerous lead levels; smoke detectors and carbon monoxide alarms on sale (fire department inspection); federal lead-based paint disclosure for pre-1978 homes.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Failure to give the lead notice: liability for all damages caused plus a civil penalty of up to $1,000, and a c. 93A unfair or deceptive practice claim. False statements about the house can support a c. 93A claim even without a form. Federal rule gives a 10-day lead inspection window.",
      "note": "A psychologically impacted property (felony, suicide, homicide, HIV or AIDS, alleged supernatural event) need not be disclosed, but a seller may not lie when asked (c. 93, 114). Article could not read the Title 5 septic text and states no septic inspection rule.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "M.G.L. c. 111, § 197A, Notice to prospective purchasers of lead hazards (Massachusetts Legislature)",
          "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXVI/Chapter111/Section197A"
        },
        {
          "title": "M.G.L. c. 93A, § 2, Unfair or deceptive acts or practices (Massachusetts Legislature)",
          "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXV/Chapter93A/Section2"
        },
        {
          "title": "M.G.L. c. 93, § 114, Psychologically impacted property (Massachusetts Legislature)",
          "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXV/Chapter93/Section114"
        }
      ]
    },
    "michigan": {
      "name": "Michigan",
      "code": "MI",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/michigan/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Michigan seller of 1 to 4 residential units must give the buyer a signed disclosure form before the buyer signs a binding purchase agreement (Seller Disclosure Act, MCL 565.954). If it arrives later, the buyer may cancel within 72 hours in person or 120 hours by registered mail.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Statutory seller disclosure statement (form written into MCL 565.957)",
      "statute": "MCL 565.951 to 565.965 (Act 92 of 1993)",
      "covers": "Appliances and systems, water in basement, roof leaks, well and septic, infestation, flood insurance, mineral rights, environmental problems (asbestos, radon, lead paint, tanks, contaminated soil), shared walls, easements, zoning violations, HOA, work without permits, settling, flooding, fire or wind damage, nearby landfills or airports, unpaid assessments, and litigation.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If delivered after a binding agreement, buyer may terminate within 72 hours (in person) or 120 hours (registered mail); right ends at transfer of title (565.954). A sale is not invalidated solely for non-compliance (565.964). Fraud and misrepresentation remedies remain (565.961).",
      "note": "Exemptions in 565.953 include court-ordered and foreclosure sales, fiduciary transfers, family transfers, and a builder's first sale of never-occupied new homes. Local governments may require extra disclosures (565.959).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "MCL 565.954, Delivery and time limits (Michigan Legislature)",
          "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-565-954"
        },
        {
          "title": "MCL 565.957, Statutory disclosure form (Michigan Legislature)",
          "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-565-957"
        },
        {
          "title": "Seller Disclosure Act, Act 92 of 1993, MCL 565.951 to 565.965 (Michigan Legislature)",
          "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-Act-92-of-1993"
        }
      ]
    },
    "minnesota": {
      "name": "Minnesota",
      "code": "MN",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/minnesota/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Minnesota seller of residential property must give the buyer a written disclosure of all material facts the seller knows before signing the sale agreement (Minn. Stat. 513.55). A buyer harmed by a missed disclosure has two years after closing to sue.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "Minn. Stat. 513.52 to 513.60; 144.496 (radon); 103I.235 (wells); 115.55 subd. 6 (sewage); 152.0275 subd. 2 (methamphetamine)",
      "covers": "All material facts the seller knows that could adversely and significantly affect an ordinary buyer's use and enjoyment. Separate required items: radon tests, reports, mitigation and state booklet; wells; sewage system; and known methamphetamine production.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Seller who knew and failed to disclose is liable for damages and equitable relief; suit within two years after closing (513.57). No automatic right to cancel; a court may order rescission (513.59). Hidden private sewage system: cost of compliance plus attorney fees (115.55).",
      "note": "Sections read do not prescribe an official form. Deaths, suicide, HIV or AIDS, and paranormal activity need not be disclosed (513.56). Buyer and seller may waive the written disclosure in writing (513.60). Exemptions in 513.54 include foreclosure, family transfers and new homes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Minnesota Statutes sections 513.52 to 513.60, seller disclosure (Office of the Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/513.55"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minnesota Statutes section 513.54, exceptions (Office of the Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/513.54"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minnesota Statutes section 513.57, liability for error or omission (Office of the Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/513.57"
        }
      ]
    },
    "mississippi": {
      "name": "Mississippi",
      "code": "MS",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/mississippi/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Mississippi seller of a home with one to four dwelling units must give the buyer a Property Condition Disclosure Statement when a licensed broker or salesperson is involved (Miss. Code 89-1-501 to 89-1-523). If it arrives after the offer, the buyer has 3 days after in-person delivery or 5 days after mailing to terminate.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Property Condition Disclosure Statement (Mississippi Real Estate Commission form)",
      "statute": "Miss. Code 89-1-501 to 89-1-523 (as amended by House Bill 1271, 2024)",
      "covers": "Appliances and systems, roof age and leaks, past flooding and flood insurance, foundation repairs, termite and other infestation history, easements, major fire, wind or flood damage, hazards such as asbestos, radon or underground tanks, and other needed repairs.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If the statement or a material amendment arrives after the offer, buyer may terminate by written notice within 3 days of in-person delivery or 5 days of mailing (89-1-503(1)). If a statement is not delivered or left blank, the buyer is presumed to be on notice to inquire (89-1-503(2)). A transfer is not invalidated solely for non-compliance.",
      "note": "Law applies only to transfers made with a licensee's aid. Article could not open the Commission's current form, so the contents list reflects the 1997 statute form. 2024 law says a licensee has no duty under the Act and cannot be disciplined for the disclosure. Exemptions in 89-1-501(2) include foreclosure, fiduciary and family transfers.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mississippi Code §§ 89-1-501 to 89-1-523, as amended: Senate Bill 3029 (1997), scope, exclusions and disclosure form (Mississippi Legislature)",
          "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/1997/SB/3000-3099/SB3029SG.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "House Bill 1271 (2024), amending §§ 89-1-503 and 89-1-523 and repealing § 89-1-519 (Mississippi Legislature)",
          "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2024/html/HB/1200-1299/HB1271SG.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Informational Statement for the Mississippi Property Condition Disclosure Statement (Mississippi Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://www.mrec.ms.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/mrec_forms_PCDS_INFORMATIONAL_PAGE_2017-LEGAL.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "missouri": {
      "name": "Missouri",
      "code": "MO",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/missouri/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "No Missouri statute reviewed requires a seller to deliver a general property-condition form. Specific duties apply to methamphetamine production (RSMo 442.606) and landfills on the property (RSMo 260.213), and concealing a material fact can still create liability.",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "RSMo 442.606 (methamphetamine); 260.213 (landfill); 442.600; 339.730; 407.020",
      "covers": "Written disclosure of known methamphetamine production, meth-related convictions of a resident or storage or lab use if the seller knew or should have known, and a permitted or unpermitted landfill or solid waste site on the land.",
      "buyer_remedy": "No single statutory remedy set in the sections read. Possible claims under the Merchandising Practices Act (RSMo 407.020, 407.025) if the sale falls within it, under the specific meth and landfill statutes, and under the contract.",
      "note": "Many sales use a seller's condition form as a contract document, not a state-mandated one. A homicide, felony, suicide or occupant HIV or AIDS is not a material fact that must be disclosed (442.600). Agents must disclose adverse material facts they knew or should have known (339.730).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "RSMo § 442.606, Methamphetamine production, seller to disclose (Missouri Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=442.606"
        },
        {
          "title": "RSMo § 260.213, Disclosure of landfill, sale of property required (Missouri Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=260.213"
        },
        {
          "title": "RSMo §§ 407.010 and 407.020, Merchandising Practices Act (Missouri Revisor of Statutes)",
          "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=407.020"
        }
      ]
    },
    "montana": {
      "name": "Montana",
      "code": "MT",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/montana/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Montana seller of a one- to four-unit home must give the buyer a written statement of any adverse material facts the seller actually knows, before or at the same time as the contract is signed (MCA 70-20-502). If it arrives later, the buyer has 3 days to rescind.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "MCA 70-20-501 to 70-20-505",
      "covers": "Title and ability to transfer, water service and source, wastewater system, utilities, buildings (water intrusion, well, septic, roof, foundation, plumbing, electrical, heating, windows, appliances), unpermitted additions, hazardous materials or pests, settling and drainage, testing or treatment for asbestos, radon, lead paint, mold, methamphetamine, tanks or contamination, and any other adverse material fact.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If delivered after the contract, buyer may rescind within 3 days of delivery by separately signed written statement; the buyer can waive this in the offer (70-20-504). No penalty for an incomplete form found in the sections read.",
      "note": "Sections read do not prescribe a state form. The statement reports only what the seller actually knows and is not a warranty (70-20-505). Exemptions in 70-20-503 include court-ordered, foreclosure, divorce and family transfers, and sales where the buyer waived the statement. Law added by Chapter 375, Laws of 2023.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Montana Code Annotated, Title 70, Chapter 20, Part 5, Residential Real Property Disclosure Requirements, §§ 70-20-501 to 70-20-505 (Montana Legislature)",
          "url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0200/part_0050/sections_index.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Montana Code Annotated § 37-51-313, Duties of broker or salesperson to buyer or seller (Montana Legislature)",
          "url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0370/chapter_0510/part_0030/sections_index.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "nebraska": {
      "name": "Nebraska",
      "code": "NE",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/nebraska/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Nebraska seller of residential property with one to four dwelling units must give the buyer a written, signed condition statement on or before the effective date of the purchase contract (Neb. Rev. Stat. 76-2,120). A buyer who is not given one may sue for actual damages, costs and attorney's fees within one year.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Seller Property Condition Disclosure Statement (Nebraska Real Estate Commission, October 2026 form)",
      "statute": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 76-2,120; 302 NAC Chapter 1",
      "covers": "Appliances and whether they work, electrical, heating, cooling, water and sewer systems, improvements and defects affecting value, hazardous conditions (lead paint, radon, mold), title conditions (encroachments, easements, zoning), utilities, private transfer fees, carbon monoxide alarm compliance, wells and septic, and flood plain or flood way.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Buyer may sue the seller for actual damages, court costs and reasonable attorney's fees within one year after possession or conveyance, whichever is first (76-2,120(12)). The statute gives no right to cancel; a transfer is not invalidated solely for non-compliance.",
      "note": "A new form takes effect October 18, 2026 per the Commission. Exemptions in 76-2,120(6) include foreclosure, fiduciary, family and never-occupied new construction transfers. Seller may mark unknown and still comply.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Nebraska Revised Statute 76-2,120, seller property condition disclosure (Nebraska Legislature)",
          "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=76-2,120"
        },
        {
          "title": "Seller Property Condition Disclosure Statement, October 2026 form, 302 NAC Chapter 1 (Nebraska Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://nrec.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/Legal/SPCDrevised1026.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "nevada": {
      "name": "Nevada",
      "code": "NV",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/nevada/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Nevada seller of a one- to four-unit home must complete the state disclosure form (Form 547) and give it to the buyer at least 10 days before the property is conveyed (NRS 113.130). A buyer who never receives it may cancel without penalty before closing.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Seller's Real Property Disclosure Form 547",
      "statute": "NRS 113.100 to 113.150",
      "covers": "Whether the seller is aware of problems with electrical, plumbing, sewer, heating, cooling and appliances, plus 17 other topics: water damage, structural defects, unpermitted work, construction-defect claims, soil, drainage, flooding, roof, pool or spa, infestation, mold, asbestos, radon, HOA dues and litigation, water source, solar panels, private transfer fee, and whether built before 1978.",
      "buyer_remedy": "No form served: rescind without penalty before conveyance (113.150(1)). Defect revealed: rescind before conveyance by notarized writing served within 4 working days, or accept it (113.150(2)-(3)). Known defect undisclosed at closing: treble the repair cost plus costs and attorney fees; suit within 1 year of discovery or 2 years after conveyance, whichever is later (113.150(4)).",
      "note": "Seller must complete the form personally; buyer cannot waive it (113.130). Exemptions include foreclosure, family and co-owner sales, and first sale of a contractor-built home. New home buyers have separate rights under 113.135.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Seller's Real Property Disclosure Form 547, reprinting NRS 113.100 to 113.150, revised 6/1/2023 (Nevada Real Estate Division)",
          "url": "https://red.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/rednvgov/Content/Forms/547.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Nevada Residential Disclosure Guide, Form 622, revised May 2026 (Nevada Real Estate Division)",
          "url": "https://red.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/rednvgov/Content/Publications/References/Residential_Disclosure_Guide/RDG.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "new-hampshire": {
      "name": "New Hampshire",
      "code": "NH",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/new-hampshire/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "New Hampshire has no single condition-disclosure statute; RSA chapter 477 requires specific written notices instead. Before a purchase contract is signed, the seller or agent must give a notice on radon, arsenic, lead, PFAS and flood (RSA 477:4-a), and for 1-to-4-family homes the seller adds written facts on water, septic, insulation, flood zone and oil tanks (RSA 477:4-d).",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "RSA 477:4-a, 4-c, 4-d, 4-e, 4-f",
      "covers": "Statutory notice on radon, arsenic, lead, PFAS and flood; private well and septic facts (type, location, malfunctions, tests, service); insulation; federal flood hazard zone; heating oil underground tank; and for condos, notice of the right to association documents and fees.",
      "buyer_remedy": "RSA 477:4-a states it creates no liability for failing to give the notice and does not affect title. The other sections read state no penalty; a misrepresentation claim is a question for an attorney.",
      "note": "No official state form named in the texts read. No exempt-seller list in these sections. A homicide, felony or suicide need not be volunteered but must be answered if the buyer asks and the seller knows (RSA 477:4-e).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "RSA 477:4-a, Notification Required; Radon, Arsenic, Lead, PFAS and Flood (New Hampshire General Court)",
          "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XLVIII/477/477-4-a.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "RSA 477:4-c, Disclosure Required; Water Supply; Sewage Disposal (New Hampshire General Court)",
          "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XLVIII/477/477-4-c.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "RSA 477:4-d, Notification Required (New Hampshire General Court)",
          "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XLVIII/477/477-4-d.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "new-jersey": {
      "name": "New Jersey",
      "code": "NJ",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/new-jersey/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "New Jersey sellers of residential real property must complete the state Property Condition Disclosure Statement, questions 1 through 108, under P.L. 2024, c.32, effective August 1, 2024. All sellers of real property must also answer the flood questions, 109 through 117; both are due before the buyer becomes obligated under a contract.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Seller's Property Condition Disclosure Statement, including the Flood Risk Addendum (questions 109-117)",
      "statute": "P.L. 2024, c.32; N.J.S.A. 56:8-19.1; N.J.S.A. 56:8-19.2; N.J.A.C. 13:45A-29.1(d)",
      "covers": "Occupancy, roof, basement and attic, termites and pests, structure and remodels with permits, plumbing, water, sewage, wells and septic, heating, cooling, fireplaces, electrical, flood zone and drainage, easements, survey, underground tanks, radon, deed restrictions, HOA, legal actions, code violations, and appliances. Flood addendum covers flood zone, flood history, claims and aid.",
      "buyer_remedy": null,
      "note": "Sources read state no specific buyer remedy or penalty and list no exemptions from the residential requirement. Form is not a warranty. The flood addendum must be completed whether or not the seller answers questions 1-108. Article read the December 2023 form in full; question numbering was different then.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Instructions, Seller's Property Condition Disclosure Statement (NJ Division of Consumer Affairs, August 2024)",
          "url": "https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov/ocp/Documents/Sellers-Property-Condition-Disclosure-Statement-Instruction-Sheet-August-2024.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Bulletin No. 24-11, P.L. 2024, c.32 (NJ Department of Banking and Insurance)",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/bulletins/blt24_11.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Flood Risk Disclosure Frequently Asked Questions (NJ Department of Environmental Protection, September 2024)",
          "url": "https://dep.nj.gov/wp-content/uploads/flooddisclosure/faqs_disclosure_09.30.24.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "new-mexico": {
      "name": "New Mexico",
      "code": "NM",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/new-mexico/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "New Mexico statutes reviewed do not require a seller to complete a property condition form. A seller or the seller's broker must give buyers the county assessor's estimated property tax before accepting an offer (NMSA 47-13-4), and licensed brokers must disclose in writing adverse material facts they actually know (16.61.19.8 NMAC).",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "NMSA 47-13-1 to 47-13-5; 16.61.19.8 NMAC",
      "covers": "Estimated property tax levy for the current year and the year after sale. Brokers must disclose known adverse material facts in writing.",
      "buyer_remedy": "No remedy set in the sections read for the tax estimate. Failure to disclose a death, felony, or occupant HIV or AIDS creates no lawsuit and is not grounds to rescind (47-13-3).",
      "note": "Classified limited because the only seller duty found is the property tax estimate. Buyer may waive the estimate in writing before the offer. No duty to disclose a natural death, homicide, suicide, assault, felony, or occupant HIV or AIDS (47-13-2).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NMSA 1978, Chapter 47, Article 13, Real Estate Disclosure Act (§§ 47-13-1 to 47-13-5) (NMOneSource)",
          "url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4408/index.do"
        },
        {
          "title": "16.61.19 NMAC, Broker Duties and Brokerage Relationships (New Mexico Real Estate Commission, State Records Center)",
          "url": "https://www.srca.nm.gov/parts/title16/16.061.0019.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "new-york": {
      "name": "New York",
      "code": "NY",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/new-york/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A New York seller of a one-to-four family home must deliver a signed Department of State Property Condition Disclosure Statement before the buyer signs a binding contract (Real Property Law 462). Since March 20, 2024, the old $500 credit that let sellers skip the form is gone.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Property Condition Disclosure Statement, form DOS-1614-f (Rev. 02/25)",
      "statute": "Real Property Law 460-467 (Property Condition Disclosure Act)",
      "covers": "Building systems, lead plumbing, radon tests, fuel tanks, asbestos, roof age, septic or sewer, and flood questions: FEMA floodplain, 100-year or 500-year zone, federal flood insurance requirement, federal flood aid, flood insurance and elevation certificate, flood claims, and water penetration.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Seller is liable only for a willful failure to comply, for the buyer's actual damages; other remedies stay available (465). The form warns a knowingly false or incomplete statement may expose the seller to claims.",
      "note": "Form excludes unimproved land, condos, co-ops, and non-fee-simple HOA property. Exemptions in 463 include foreclosure, court-ordered, fiduciary, family and never-occupied new home transfers. Seller must deliver a revised statement if a material inaccuracy is learned before title transfer or occupancy.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Real Property Law, Article 14, Sections 460-467, Property Condition Disclosure (New York State Senate)",
          "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/RPP/A14"
        },
        {
          "title": "Real Property Law § 462, Property condition disclosure statement (New York State Senate)",
          "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/RPP/462"
        },
        {
          "title": "Property Condition Disclosure Statement, form DOS-1614-f, Rev. 02/25 (New York Department of State)",
          "url": "https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2025/05/dos-1614-f-property-condition-disclosure-statement_04.2025-eff.-07.2025.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "north-carolina": {
      "name": "North Carolina",
      "code": "NC",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/north-carolina/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "North Carolina law (G.S. 47E) requires owners of most residential property to complete a disclosure statement and give it to the buyer before any offer to purchase. Sellers may answer No Representation to most questions.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Property and Owners' Association Disclosure Statement (REC 4.22, rev. 7/26); Mineral and Oil and Gas Rights Mandatory Disclosure Statement (REC 4.25)",
      "statute": "N.C.G.S. chapter 47E (47E-2)",
      "covers": "Eight sections: structure and roof, HVAC and electrical, plumbing, water and septic, fixtures and appliances, land and zoning, environmental and flooding, miscellaneous (lawsuits, liens, leases), and owners' association. Mineral form asks whether mineral or oil and gas rights were severed.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If the statement is not given by the time of the offer, buyer can, under certain conditions, cancel the contract. For the mineral form, written notice within 3 calendar days of receiving it or of the contract date, whichever is first; no cancellation after settlement or occupancy. Failure to disclose latent defects may result in civil liability.",
      "note": "Limited exemptions such as never-occupied new homes (G.S. 47E-2). Owner may answer No Representation, but a No answer made with contrary knowledge may be an intentional misstatement. Owner must promptly update an inaccurate statement.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Residential Property and Owners' Association Disclosure Statement, REC 4.22, rev. 7/26 (North Carolina Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://www.ncrec.gov/Forms/Consumer/rec422.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Mineral and Oil and Gas Rights Mandatory Disclosure Statement, REC 4.25 (North Carolina Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://www.ncrec.gov/Forms/Consumer/rec425.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Questions and Answers on Due Diligence for Residential Buyers (North Carolina Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://www.ncrec.gov/Brochures/DueDiligenceBrochure.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "north-dakota": {
      "name": "North Dakota",
      "code": "ND",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/north-dakota/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A North Dakota seller of a home with no more than four units must give the buyer a written disclosure of material facts before final acceptance of the purchase agreement (N.D.C.C. 47-10-02.1). Since August 1, 2025, a separate radon disclosure is also required.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Seller's Property Condition Disclosure, SFN 62358 (07/2025)",
      "statute": "N.D.C.C. 47-10-02.1; 47-10-02.2 (radon); 47-10-02.3 (HOA)",
      "covers": "All material facts the seller is aware of that could adversely and significantly affect an ordinary buyer's use and enjoyment; with an agent, also latent defects, general condition, environmental issues, structural and mechanical systems. Separate radon statement and test results; HOA and condo documents, assessments and transfer fees.",
      "buyer_remedy": "The disclosure section lists no buyer remedy; a licensee violation can bring Real Estate Commission discipline (47-10-02.1(5)). The radon section creates no right to cancel unless the contract says so.",
      "note": "Commission form is required when an agent is involved and optional when no agent is involved. Exemptions include court-ordered, foreclosure, fiduciary, family and never-occupied new home transfers.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "North Dakota Century Code § 47-10-02.1, Property disclosure (North Dakota Legislative Assembly)",
          "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c10.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Seller's Property Condition Disclosure, SFN 62358 (07/2025) (North Dakota Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://www.realestatend.org/image/cache/Seller_s_Property_Disclosure_Form-Revised_08-2025.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "North Dakota Century Code § 47-10-02.2, Disclosure of prior radon test (North Dakota Legislative Assembly)",
          "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c10.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "ohio": {
      "name": "Ohio",
      "code": "OH",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/ohio/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "An Ohio seller of a one- to four-unit home must complete the Ohio Department of Commerce Residential Property Disclosure Form and deliver it to the buyer (R.C. 5302.30). If the buyer first gets the form after signing the contract, the buyer has 3 business days to rescind in writing.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Property Disclosure Form (Ohio Department of Commerce, June 2022)",
      "statute": "Ohio Rev. Code 5302.30",
      "covers": "Water supply and sewer, roof, water intrusion, mold, structure and fire damage, termites, mechanical systems, hazardous materials (lead paint, asbestos, urea-formaldehyde insulation, radon), underground tanks, wells, mineral leases, flood plain and Lake Erie erosion, drainage, code violations, association fees, boundary disputes, and other known material defects.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If the form or an amendment arrives after the contract is signed, buyer may rescind in writing within 3 business days of receipt, and no later than the earlier of 30 days after the offer was accepted or closing; deposit returned (5302.30(K)). No form delivered after a contract exists: same 30-day or closing limit. Otherwise only common-law fraud (Ashmus v. Coughlin, 2025).",
      "note": "The Supreme Court of Ohio held in 2025 that 5302.30 creates no independent cause of action. Exemptions in 5302.30(B)(2) include foreclosure, estate, family, divorce, never-inhabited new construction, and buyers who lived in the home for a year. An as-is clause removes the common-law duty to disclose hidden defects.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ohio Revised Code § 5302.30, Property disclosure form required for all residential real property transfers (Ohio Legislature)",
          "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-5302.30"
        },
        {
          "title": "Residential Property Disclosure Form, effective June 2022 (Ohio Department of Commerce)",
          "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/com.ohio.gov/REPL/repl_ResidentialPropertyDisclosureForm.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ashmus v. Coughlin, 2025-Ohio-2412 (Supreme Court of Ohio, July 10, 2025)",
          "url": "https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/rod/docs/pdf/0/2025/2025-Ohio-2412.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "oklahoma": {
      "name": "Oklahoma",
      "code": "OK",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/oklahoma/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "An Oklahoma seller of a one- or two-unit home must give the buyer either a disclosure statement or a disclaimer statement on an Oklahoma Real Estate Commission form, before accepting an offer (60 O.S. 833, 834). A buyer harmed by a missing or false disclosure can sue for actual damages within 2 years of the transfer.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Property Condition Disclosure Statement (OREC Appendix A) or Property Condition Disclaimer Statement (Appendix B)",
      "statute": "60 O.S. 831-839 (Residential Property Condition Disclosure Act)",
      "covers": "Whether included items work normally and known defects in water and sewer systems, drainage and flood zone, roof, walls, floors, foundation, basement, plumbing, electrical, heating and air conditioning, wood-destroying insects, fire or tornado damage, land use, hazardous materials, methamphetamine manufacturing, and any other known defect. The disclaimer says the seller never occupied the property and knows of no defect.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Actual damages, including repair cost, for a defect that existed at acceptance, no punitive damages; suit within 2 years after transfer; prevailing party gets costs and attorney fees (837). A transfer is not undone for non-compliance. No right to cancel after receiving the form in 831-839.",
      "note": "A seller without a licensee owes the form only after a written request from the buyer. Form must be dated within 180 days before the buyer receives it. Exemptions in 838 include foreclosure, fiduciary, family and never-occupied new homes. A suicide, homicide, felony or occupant HIV or AIDS need not be disclosed (59 O.S. 858-513).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "60 O.S. § 833, Property Disclaimer or Disclosure Statement (Oklahoma State Courts Network)",
          "url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=435890"
        },
        {
          "title": "60 O.S. § 834, Delivery of Disclaimer or Disclosure Statement (Oklahoma State Courts Network)",
          "url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=86139"
        },
        {
          "title": "60 O.S. § 837, Remedies - Recovery by Purchaser (Oklahoma State Courts Network)",
          "url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=435891"
        }
      ]
    },
    "oregon": {
      "name": "Oregon",
      "code": "OR",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/oregon/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "An Oregon seller of a one-to-four-unit home, condo or similar residence must complete, sign and deliver the statutory disclosure form to every buyer who makes a written offer (ORS 105.465). The buyer then has five business days from delivery to revoke the offer.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Sellers Property Disclosure Statement (form printed in ORS 105.464)",
      "statute": "ORS 105.462 to 105.490",
      "covers": "Seller's actual knowledge on yes/no/unknown questions in ten groups: title, boundaries, easements and covenants; water and wells; sewage and septic; insulation; structure, permits, alarms and moisture; systems and fixtures; HOA; seismic bolting for pre-1974 houses; general conditions (settling, fire, flood, landslide, floodplain, radon, lead paint, mold, tanks, drug manufacture); and any other material defect.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Buyer may revoke within five business days of delivery by separate signed writing; if the seller fails or refuses to provide the form, buyer may revoke until closing; deposits returned immediately (ORS 105.475). Right ends at closing. Fraud, negligence and equitable remedies remain (ORS 105.490).",
      "note": "Does not apply to leaseholds or when the buyer states the property will not be a residence for the buyer or close family. Exemptions in ORS 105.470 include first sale of never-occupied dwellings, financial institution and foreclosure sales, fiduciary sales and government transfers. Seller bears the burden of proving delivery (105.485).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "ORS 105.462 to 105.490, Sellers property disclosure statement (Oregon Legislature, ORS chapter 105)",
          "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors105.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "ORS 696.870, Duties of real estate licensee (Oregon Legislature, ORS chapter 696)",
          "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors696.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "pennsylvania": {
      "name": "Pennsylvania",
      "code": "PA",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/pennsylvania/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Pennsylvania seller must give the buyer a signed, dated property disclosure statement before both sides sign the agreement of transfer (68 Pa.C.S. 7303). A buyer who proves a willful or negligent violation can recover actual damages if suing within 2 years after final settlement.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Seller's Property Disclosure Statement (State Real Estate Commission)",
      "statute": "68 Pa.C.S. Chapter 73 (Real Estate Seller Disclosure Law), 7303, 7304, 7311",
      "covers": "Seller's construction expertise and last occupancy; roof, basements and crawl spaces, structure, additions; water and sewage, plumbing, heating and air conditioning, electrical, appliances; soils, drainage, boundaries, sinkholes, storm water facilities; termites, dry rot, hazardous substances; condo or HOA; and title issues.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Actual damages for willful or negligent violation; suit within 2 years after final settlement (7311). A sale is not invalidated for non-compliance. No claim for disclosed defects or defects arising after the agreement or settlement (7314).",
      "note": "Section 7302 exempts fiduciary transfers and new never-occupied construction with a written warranty of one year or more, code inspection and certificate of occupancy. The seller discloses only known material defects and need not inspect.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Real Estate Seller Disclosure Law, 68 Pa.C.S. Chapter 73 (Pennsylvania General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=HTM&ttl=68&div=0&chpt=73"
        },
        {
          "title": "68 Pa.C.S. Chapter 71, Section 7102, definitions (Pennsylvania General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=HTM&ttl=68&div=0&chpt=71"
        },
        {
          "title": "State Real Estate Commission, Seller's Property Disclosure Statement and Seller Disclosure Law (Pennsylvania Department of State)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dos/department-and-offices/bpoa/boards-commissions/real-estate-commission"
        }
      ]
    },
    "rhode-island": {
      "name": "Rhode Island",
      "code": "RI",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/rhode-island/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Rhode Island seller must give the buyer a written disclosure of all known deficient conditions before any agreement to transfer is signed (R.I. Gen. Laws 5-20.8-2). A violation does not void the sale but carries a civil penalty of up to $1,000 per violation by a seller or agent.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Real Estate Commission standard disclosure form for one- to four-unit homes (separate form for vacant land)",
      "statute": "R.I. Gen. Laws 5-20.8-1 to 5-20.8-13",
      "covers": "Roof, basement seepage, sump pump, chimney, structure, insulation, electrical, heating, air conditioning, plumbing, sewage and cesspool, water system or private well, radon, termites, mold, flood plain and flood insurance, wetlands, easements, zoning, permits, housing code violations, lead paint, hazardous waste, pools, rental income, and shoreline access.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Civil penalty up to $1,000 per violation by seller or agent (5-20.8-5). The agent may not communicate the offer until the buyer signs a receipt. Separate 10-day buyer inspection rights allow voiding the agreement: general inspection (5-20.8-4), lead risk assessment, private well testing, and cesspool inspection (5-20.8-11 to 13).",
      "note": "Chapter covers vacant land and one-to-four-unit buildings. Exemptions in 5-20.8-3 include court-ordered, foreclosure, fiduciary, family, relocation company and never-occupied builder transfers. Psychologically impacted property need not be disclosed but a false statement is barred (5-20.8-6).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 5-20.8, Real Estate Sales Disclosures, §§ 5-20.8-1 to 5-20.8-13 (Rhode Island General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE5/5-20.8/INDEX.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-24.6-16, Notice prior to residential property transfer (Rhode Island General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE23/23-24.6/23-24.6-16.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "south-carolina": {
      "name": "South Carolina",
      "code": "SC",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/south-carolina/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "South Carolina law requires most sellers of one- to four-unit homes to give the buyer the Real Estate Commission's disclosure form before the contract is signed (S.C. Code 27-50-50). A missing form does not void the sale, and a seller who knowingly gives false or incomplete answers owes the buyer actual damages and court costs.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Property Condition Disclosure Statement (SC Real Estate Commission, updated 6/2025)",
      "statute": "S.C. Code 27-50-10 to 27-50-110 (Residential Property Condition Disclosure Act)",
      "covers": "Water supply and sewage, roof, chimneys, floors, foundation, basement, plumbing, electrical, heating and cooling, wood-destroying insects, zoning, covenants, codes, encroachments, government notices, lead paint, asbestos, radon, methane, underground tanks, rental contracts, meter conservation charge, HOA, flood hazards and insurance, and beach nourishment assessments. Owner answers Yes, No or No Representation.",
      "buyer_remedy": "No form does not void the agreement, create a title defect or justify delaying closing (27-50-50(B)). Knowing false, incomplete or misleading disclosure: actual damages and court costs, possibly attorney fees (27-50-65). Owner must promptly correct a material inaccuracy or repair before closing (27-50-60).",
      "note": "Exemptions in 27-50-30 (15 kinds) include foreclosure, court-ordered, fiduciary, family, never-inhabited, public auction, and written agreement of both parties not to complete the form. As-is sales are allowed (27-50-110). Deaths and sex-offender data need not be disclosed (27-50-90).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "South Carolina Code of Laws, Title 27, Chapter 50, Article 1: Residential Property Condition Disclosure Act (South Carolina Legislature)",
          "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t27c050.php"
        },
        {
          "title": "Residential Property Condition Disclosure Statement, effective 6/2023, updated 6/2025 (South Carolina Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://llr.sc.gov/re/recpdf/Property-Condition-Disclosure-Statement-06.2025.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Exemptions from the South Carolina Residential Property Condition Disclosure Law, Document 370 (South Carolina Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://llr.sc.gov/re/recpdf/Doc370.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "south-dakota": {
      "name": "South Dakota",
      "code": "SD",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/south-dakota/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A South Dakota seller of a home with up to four units must give the buyer a completed Property Condition Disclosure Statement before the buyer makes a written offer (SDCL 43-4-38). If it is delivered late, the buyer may terminate within 3 days of in-person delivery or 6 days if mailed.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Property Condition Disclosure Statement (form set out in SDCL 43-4-44)",
      "statute": "SDCL 43-4-37 to 43-4-44.1",
      "covers": "Lot and title (liens, easements, boundaries, encroachments, covenants, litigation, assessments), structure (cracks, fire, wind, flood, hail, sewer backups), radon system, sewer, well and pump, hazardous conditions (methane, lead paint, radon, mold, asbestos, methamphetamine), flood plain, and public or private sewer. Homes in an HOA also need association documents and assessment details.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Buyer may terminate by written notice within 3 days if the form or an amendment is delivered in person after an offer, 6 days if mailed (43-4-39). Intentional or negligent violation: actual damages and repairs, plus possible costs and attorney fees (43-4-42). A sale is not undone only for non-compliance.",
      "note": "The statutory form must be used. Exemptions in 43-4-43 include court-ordered, foreclosure, fiduciary, family and never-occupied new homes. HOA disclosure required since July 1, 2024 (43-4-44.1).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "South Dakota Codified Laws §§ 43-4-37 to 43-4-44.1, Transfer of property (South Dakota Legislature)",
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/43-4"
        },
        {
          "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart F, §§ 745.107 and 745.110, Lead-based paint disclosure (eCFR)",
          "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-F"
        }
      ]
    },
    "tennessee": {
      "name": "Tennessee",
      "code": "TN",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/tennessee/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Tennessee's Residential Property Disclosure Act (Tenn. Code Ann. 66-5-201 and following) covers one- to four-unit homes and prescribes a disclosure form in 66-5-210. The article does not summarize the sections on alternatives to the form, exemptions, or buyer remedies.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Property Disclosure form prescribed in Tenn. Code Ann. 66-5-210",
      "statute": "Tenn. Code Ann. 66-5-201 to 66-5-210",
      "covers": "Property age and acquisition date, included items and whether in working order, defects in 19 listed systems (walls, plumbing, electrical, roof, foundation, slab), and yes/no/unknown questions on asbestos, radon, lead paint, tanks, contaminated soil or water, encroachments, easements, unpermitted work, flooding and flood insurance, fire or earthquake damage, zoning, deed restrictions, HOA fees, lawsuits, synthetic stucco, and (since 2024) improvement districts.",
      "buyer_remedy": null,
      "note": "Article does not summarize 66-5-202 (what may replace the form), 66-5-208 (buyer remedies) or 66-5-209 (exemptions, except a 2000 bankruptcy deed-in-lieu exemption). The core duty is described through a 2006 Nashville council resolution, not the statute text. Form is not a warranty.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Public Chapter 727 (1998), Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-5-210, the prescribed disclosure form (Tennessee General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://capitol.tn.gov/Bills/100/Chapter/PC0727.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Public Chapter 771 (2000), amending §§ 66-5-201, 66-5-209 and 66-5-210 (Tennessee General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://capitol.tn.gov/Bills/101/Chapter/PC0771.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Public Chapter 860 (2024), adding the improvement-district question to § 66-5-210 (Tennessee Secretary of State)",
          "url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/113/pub/pc0860.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "texas": {
      "name": "Texas",
      "code": "TX",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/texas/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Texas seller of a home with no more than one dwelling unit must give the buyer a signed condition notice, including flood history and floodplain status, on or before the effective date of the contract (Tex. Prop. Code 5.008). A buyer who signs without it may terminate for any reason within 7 days of receiving it.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Seller's Disclosure Notice (statutory form; TREC No. 55-1 is the commonly used version)",
      "statute": "Tex. Prop. Code 5.008",
      "covers": "Equipment and systems, fuel gas piping type, known defects in walls, ceilings, floors, roof, foundation, plumbing and electrical, termites, repairs, asbestos, radon, lead paint, aluminum wiring, fires, soil movement, easements, methamphetamine, flood insurance, past flooding, 100-year and 500-year floodplain, floodway, flood claims and FEMA or SBA aid, unpermitted additions, HOA fees, and coastal or military location notices.",
      "buyer_remedy": "If the notice is not delivered by the contract's effective date, buyer may terminate the contract for any reason within 7 days after receiving it (5.008(f)).",
      "note": "Exemptions in 5.008(e) include foreclosure, bankruptcy trustee, lender, fiduciary, family and divorce transfers, never-occupied new homes, and dwellings worth no more than 5% of the property. A natural death, suicide, accident unrelated to condition, and occupant AIDS or HIV need not be disclosed (5.008(c)). Unknown answers comply.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Texas Property Code, Chapter 5, § 5.008 Seller's Disclosure of Property Condition (Texas Legislature)",
          "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PR/htm/PR.5.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Seller's Disclosure Notice, TREC No. 55-1 (Texas Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://www.trec.texas.gov/forms/sellers-disclosure-notice"
        },
        {
          "title": "H.B. 697, 88th Legislature, enrolled version (fuel gas piping disclosure)",
          "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/html/HB00697F.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "utah": {
      "name": "Utah",
      "code": "UT",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/utah/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Utah has no general statute requiring a seller to complete a property condition form. The state-approved Real Estate Purchase Contract that licensees must use requires a signed written seller disclosure by the Seller Disclosure Deadline and disclosure of known defects that materially affect value and cannot be found by a reasonable inspection.",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": "Seller property condition disclosure under Real Estate Purchase Contract Section 7(a)",
      "statute": "Utah Code 57-1-49 (public infrastructure districts); 57-1-37; Real Estate Purchase Contract Sections 7, 8, 10.3",
      "covers": "Under the contract: a written property condition disclosure, lead paint disclosure for pre-1978 homes, title commitment, CC&Rs, HOA minutes and budget, leases, water rights, and known environmental problems and code violations. By statute: expected annual public infrastructure district tax cost, at or before closing.",
      "buyer_remedy": "The duty is contractual. Buyer with a due diligence condition may cancel or resolve objections in writing by the Due Diligence Deadline and get the earnest money back (Section 8.1). The REPC has a mediation clause.",
      "note": "Contract states Utah law requires licensees to use the form, but the parties may alter it. Classified limited because the written disclosure comes from the contract, not a statute. Stigmatized property need not be disclosed (57-1-37). No class of exempt sellers found in the statutes read.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Real Estate Purchase Contract, Sections 7, 8 and 10.3 (Utah Division of Real Estate)",
          "url": "https://commerce.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/purchase-contract.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Utah Code § 57-1-49, Disclosure of annual assessment to a public infrastructure district (Utah Legislature)",
          "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter1/57-1-S49.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Utah Code § 57-1-37, Failure to disclose not a basis for liability (Utah Legislature)",
          "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter1/57-1-S37.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "vermont": {
      "name": "Vermont",
      "code": "VT",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/vermont/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Vermont does not require one general property-condition form. Under 27 V.S.A. 380 a seller must give the buyer flood-map and flood-history information before or with the contract, and a seller with a private well must hand over Department of Health water materials within 72 hours of signing (27 V.S.A. 616).",
      "disclosure_required": "limited",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "27 V.S.A. 380, 616, 617; 10 V.S.A. 6007; 26 V.S.A. 2296(4)",
      "covers": "Flood insurance rate map, whether the property flooded or had flood damage during the seller's ownership, and flood insurance; well-water informational materials; notice of a class 4 highway or legal trail; Act 250 Disclosure Statement when land is divided.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Flood information missed: buyer may end the contract before title transfers or occupancy, sue for damages and attorney's fees, and seek punitive damages if knowing (380). Well-water materials: civil penalty of $25 to $250 (616). Act 250 statement missed: buyer may treat the agreement as unenforceable (6007).",
      "note": "Many sellers use a voluntary questionnaire not required by statute. Noncompliance with 380, 616 and 617 does not affect marketability of title. Licensees must disclose all known material facts (26 V.S.A. 2296(4)).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "27 V.S.A. § 380, Disclosure of information; conveyance of real estate (Vermont General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/005/00380"
        },
        {
          "title": "27 V.S.A. chapter 5, §§ 616 and 617 (Vermont General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/27/005"
        },
        {
          "title": "10 V.S.A. § 6007, Act 250 Disclosure Statement (Vermont General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/151/06007"
        }
      ]
    },
    "virginia": {
      "name": "Virginia",
      "code": "VA",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/virginia/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Under the Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act, a seller of a home with one to four units must give the buyer the Real Estate Board's disclosure statement before the contract is ratified (Va. Code 55.1-703). If it arrives after, the buyer's sole remedy is to terminate within 3 days of hand or electronic delivery.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Residential Property Disclosure Statement (Virginia Real Estate Board, effective July 1, 2026)",
      "statute": "Va. Code 55.1-700 et seq. (55.1-701 to 55.1-713)",
      "covers": "Buyer-beware form: lot lines, setbacks and zoning, historic districts, Chesapeake Bay protection areas, special flood hazard areas, dam break zones, marine clays, septic systems, radon zones, defective drywall, lead plumbing, conservation easements, community development authorities, and proximity to airports and military installations. Separate forms for building-code actions, methamphetamine, and military air noise zones.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Late disclosure: buyer may terminate without penalty and get the deposit back, by notice within 3 days of in-person or electronic delivery or 5 days of mailing, and before settlement, occupancy or a mortgage application with the warning (55.1-709). Buyer may sue for actual damages within one year (55.1-713). Intentional misrepresentation claims remain.",
      "note": "The seller makes no warranty about condition under the form. Exemptions in 55.1-702 include foreclosure, fiduciary, family and tax-default transfers and first sale of a new dwelling. A statement on use-value taxes is added from January 1, 2027. A homicide, felony or suicide need not be disclosed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Code of Virginia § 55.1-703, Required disclosures for buyer to beware (Virginia General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title55.1/chapter7/section55.1-703/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Code of Virginia § 55.1-709, Time for disclosure; termination of contract (Virginia General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title55.1/chapter7/section55.1-709/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Code of Virginia §§ 55.1-710 to 55.1-713, Owner liability, changes, licensee duties, actions (Virginia General Assembly)",
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title55.1/chapter7/section55.1-713/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "washington": {
      "name": "Washington",
      "code": "WA",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/washington/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Washington seller of a home with one to four units must give the buyer a signed seller disclosure statement within 5 business days after mutual acceptance (RCW 64.06.020, 64.06.030). The buyer then has 3 business days to approve it or rescind.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Seller Disclosure Statement for improved residential real property (form printed in RCW 64.06.020)",
      "statute": "RCW chapter 64.06",
      "covers": "Nine parts: title, water, sewer and on-site sewage, structural, systems and fixtures, homeowners' association, environmental, manufactured and mobile homes, and any other material defect. Seller checks Yes, No or Don't know and explains starred yes answers.",
      "buyer_remedy": "Buyer may rescind in writing within 3 business days of receiving the statement or an amendment and gets all deposits back; if the form is never delivered, the right runs until 3 business days after receipt or closing (64.06.030, 64.06.040). No new remedy beyond rescission; common-law and contract rights remain (64.06.070).",
      "note": "Exemptions in 64.06.010 include foreclosure, family and divorce transfers, estate and bankruptcy trustee sales, and express buyer waiver (the environmental section cannot be waived if any answer would be yes). Seller is not liable for errors outside actual knowledge (64.06.050).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "RCW chapter 64.06, Real Estate Transfer Disclosure (Washington State Legislature)",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=64.06"
        }
      ]
    },
    "west-virginia": {
      "name": "West Virginia",
      "code": "WV",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/west-virginia/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "No West Virginia statute or Real Estate Commission rule reviewed requires a seller to fill out a standard property condition form. Court rulings require a seller who knows of defects that substantially affect value or habitability to disclose them if a reasonably diligent inspection would not reveal them.",
      "disclosure_required": "no",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "Case law: Thacker v. Tyree (1982); Stemple v. Dobson; Teter; licensee duties W. Va. Code 30-40-26",
      "covers": null,
      "buyer_remedy": "Buyer can sue the seller for the harm from concealed defects, and an as-is clause does not erase the duty. A licensee who joins in fraud or concealment can face license discipline (30-40-19); complaints generally within two years (30-40-20).",
      "note": "Some websites cite a Residential Property Condition Disclosure Act at W. Va. Code 36-12; that is the Uniform Real Property Transfer on Death Act and has nothing to do with seller disclosure. Only required form is the Notice of Agency Relationship. Court rulings are older and a lawyer should check newer decisions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Logue v. Flanagan, No. 30741, quoting Thacker v. Tyree and Stemple v. Dobson (Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia, 2003)",
          "url": "https://www.courtswv.gov/sites/default/pubfilesmnt/2023-11/30741.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Darrisaw v. Old Colony Realty, No. 24085, quoting Teter (Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia, 1997)",
          "url": "https://www.courtswv.gov/sites/default/pubfilesmnt/2023-11/24085.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "W. Va. Code § 30-40-26, Duties of licensees (West Virginia Legislature)",
          "url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/30-40-26/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wisconsin": {
      "name": "Wisconsin",
      "code": "WI",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/wisconsin/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "A Wisconsin owner selling a home of one to four units must give the buyer a completed Real Estate Condition Report within 10 days after the contract is accepted (Wis. Stat. 709.02). If it is late, the buyer may rescind within 2 business days after the 10 days end and get deposits back.",
      "disclosure_required": "yes",
      "form_name": "Real Estate Condition Report (form printed in Wis. Stat. 709.03)",
      "statute": "Wis. Stat. chapter 709 (709.02, 709.03, 709.05)",
      "covers": "Structural and mechanical systems, environmental conditions, wells, septic systems and storage tanks, taxes, special assessments and permits, land use, and additional information. Owner answers yes, no or not applicable to the best of knowledge and explains each yes. Condo units add an association addendum.",
      "buyer_remedy": "No report within 10 days: rescind within 2 business days after the 10 days end, deposits returned (709.02). Incomplete report or one received after the offer that discloses a defect: rescind in writing within 2 business days of receipt (709.05). Rescission is the only remedy under the chapter.",
      "note": "No rescission right if a complete report was received before the offer or the buyer knew of the defect. Exemptions include fiduciaries who never occupied the property, never-inhabited homes, and transfers exempt from the transfer fee under 77.25. Buyer may waive in writing (709.08).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wisconsin Statutes Chapter 709, Disclosures by Owners of Real Estate (Wisconsin Legislature)",
          "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/709"
        },
        {
          "title": "Wisconsin Statutes § 77.25, Exemptions from the real estate transfer fee (Wisconsin Legislature)",
          "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/77/ii/25"
        },
        {
          "title": "Wisconsin Statutes § 452.23, Duties of licensees (Wisconsin Legislature)",
          "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/452/23"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wyoming": {
      "name": "Wyoming",
      "code": "WY",
      "article": "https://payotte.com/usa/wyoming/seller-disclosure",
      "answer": "Wyoming has no statute that makes a private home seller fill out a condition form. The one property disclosure statute, W.S. 34-1-151, covers vacant land. A licensed agent who knows an adverse material fact must tell a buyer (W.S. 33-28-303(c)).",
      "disclosure_required": "no",
      "form_name": null,
      "statute": "W.S. 34-1-151 (vacant land only); W.S. 33-28-303 (agents)",
      "covers": null,
      "buyer_remedy": "For houses, no statutory remedy found; consult an attorney about general misrepresentation rules. For vacant land, actual damages for willful or negligent failure (34-1-151(c)). Real Estate Commission can discipline a licensee.",
      "note": "Vacant land is land with no habitable dwelling, outside a platted subdivision, city or town, and under 140 acres; a buyer may waive that statement. Rural land of any size needs a wind-estate disclosure. Agent has no duty to inspect or verify (33-28-303(d)).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wyoming Statutes, Title 34, § 34-1-151 Property disclosure statement (Wyoming Legislature, Title 34 compilation)",
          "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/Title34.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Wyoming Statutes, Title 33, Chapter 28, §§ 33-28-303, 33-28-304, 33-28-305, 33-28-306 (Wyoming Legislature, Title 33 compilation)",
          "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/Title33.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Real Estate Commission Rules, Chapter 3 (Forms) and Chapter 6 (Regulatory Enforcement Grounds) (Wyoming Real Estate Commission)",
          "url": "https://realestate.wyo.gov/real-estate-professionals/rules-regulations"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}